Praise be to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. To proceed:
It is not correct to claim that the Beautiful Names of Allah are written on the sun or that they provide it with fuel. This is an unseen matter for which there is no basis in the Noble Qur’an or in the authentic Sunnah, and it is not permissible to spread it as an established religious or scientific fact.
Reports concerning matters of the unseen cannot be established merely through stories or circulating statements. Rather, they require authentic evidence from the Noble Qur’an or the established Sunnah.
The Qur’an and Sunnah mention the Beautiful Names of Allah, as well as the sun and matters relating to it. However, there is nothing authentically established in these texts stating that four of the Beautiful Names of Allah are written on the sun, or that these names provide it with energy or fuel.
Such details concerning the unseen cannot be established merely through an unsupported claim or an unknown piece of information.
Likewise, as far as is known, scholars who have discussed the Beautiful Names of Allah, explained their meanings, and presented their evidence are not known to have transmitted or referred to such a claim.
If this information had a valid basis in Islamic law, it would require an authentic textual proof to establish it. Merely circulating it among people or attributing it to certain books or sources without verification does not make it authentic.
Some unusual statements may spread with the intention, according to their promoters, of glorifying Allah. However, a good intention does not make an unseen report authentic.
A Muslim is required to verify what he attributes to Allah and should not regard emotionally powerful or unusual statements as evidence of their truth.
Allah says:
“And do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge. Indeed, the hearing, the sight and the heart—about all those [one] will be questioned.” [Qur’an 17:36]
Accordingly, it is not permissible to spread the claim that the Beautiful Names of Allah are written on the sun or that they provide it with fuel as though this were an established fact, because it has no basis in Islamic law.
However, if the statement is quoted in order to warn against it and explain that it has no basis, there is no harm in doing so. Rather, the purpose would be to correct the information and clarify the truth to people.
It has not been established in the Qur’an or authentic Sunnah that the Beautiful Names of Allah are written on the sun, nor that the name “As-Sami‘” or any other Name of Allah is what provides the sun with fuel. This information has no basis in Islamic law and should not be circulated as an established fact.
And Allah knows best.