Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. To proceed:
The meaning of Allah’s saying: “And Allah is Knowing of all things” is that Allah’s knowledge encompasses everything. Nothing on earth or in heaven is hidden from Him. He knows what is apparent and what is hidden, what is secret and what is public, and all words, deeds, movements, and stillness. Nothing, no matter how subtle or concealed, escapes His knowledge.
Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, is not unaware of anything concerning His creation. He knows their words and deeds, their movements and stillness, their acts of obedience and disobedience, and what they reveal and conceal.
Allah تعالى says:
“Do you not know that Allah knows what is in the heaven and earth? Indeed, that is in a Record. Indeed, that, for Allah, is easy.” [Al-Hajj: 70]
Thus, Allah’s knowledge is neither limited nor deficient. Rather, it is comprehensive and encompasses everything.
Allah has encompassed everything with His knowledge and recorded it in the Clear Book.
He تعالى says:
“And you are not, [O Muhammad], in any matter or recite any of the Qur’an or do any deed except that We are witness over you when you are involved in it. And not absent from your Lord is any [part] of an atom’s weight within the earth or within the heaven or [anything] smaller than that or greater but that it is in a clear Record.” [Yunus: 61]
This verse makes clear that nothing, no matter how small or hidden, escapes Allah’s knowledge.
Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, is the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed. He knows what is in the heavens and the earth, and He knows what His servants reveal and what they conceal.
He تعالى says:
“Indeed, I know the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth, and I know what you reveal and what you have concealed.” [Al-Baqarah: 33]
And He سبحانه says:
“And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in a clear Record.” [Al-An‘am: 59]
This demonstrates the perfection, precision, and comprehensiveness of Allah’s knowledge.
There are matters of the unseen whose knowledge Allah has reserved exclusively for Himself, and no one among His creation knows them independently.
Allah تعالى says:
“Indeed, Allah [alone] has knowledge of the Hour and sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. And no soul perceives what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul perceives in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.” [Luqman: 34]
Thus, Allah alone knows the reality of these matters in the manner of knowledge that He has kept exclusively to Himself. Creation cannot encompass the unseen with the same encompassing knowledge that belongs to Allah.
Allah is fully aware of His servants, and nothing of their deeds or words is hidden from Him.
He تعالى says:
“And He is with you wherever you are. And Allah, of what you do, is Seeing.” [Al-Hadid: 4]
And He سبحانه says:
“Have you not seen that Allah knows what is in the heavens and what is on the earth? There is no private conversation of three but that He is the fourth of them, nor are there five but that He is the sixth of them, and no less than that and no more except that He is with them wherever they are. Then He will inform them of what they did on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things.” [Al-Mujadilah: 7]
He سبحانه knows the deeds of His servants, and He will inform them of them and recompense them for them on the Day of Resurrection.
Allah’s knowledge is not limited to what a person makes public. He knows what a person conceals within himself and what is even more hidden than that.
He سبحانه says:
“[Allah is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted.” [Ar-Ra‘d: 9]
And Allah تعالى says:
“And whether you speak aloud, indeed, He knows the secret and what is [even] more hidden.” [Ta-Ha: 7]
Allah’s saying, “And Allah is Knowing of all things,” demonstrates the perfection of His knowledge and its encompassing everything. Nothing in the heavens or on earth is hidden from Him. He knows what is apparent and what is hidden, what is secret and what is public, words and deeds, and everything subtle or concealed.
Allah alone is the Knower of the unseen. His knowledge encompasses everything, and He has recorded it in the Clear Book. He will recompense His servants for their deeds, all of which He knows, and nothing of them is hidden from Him.
And Allah knows best.