Praise be to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah.
The meaning of the verse is that Allah Almighty addresses the jinn and humans on the Day of Resurrection, when all creation is gathered and surrounded by the command of Allah and His angels, challenging them to escape from His authority and power. They will never be able to do so.
Ibn Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him, said that this means you will not be able to escape from Allah’s command and decree, nor free yourselves from His judgment wherever you go. This will occur at the place of gathering, where the angels will surround all creation from every side.
Allah’s saying “then pass beyond” is stated as a challenge: if you are able to escape beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then do so. “You will not pass beyond except with authority” means that you will not be able to escape except through strength, power, or permission from Allah—and you will possess none of that.
Thus, the verse demonstrates the inability of all creation to escape from Allah’s judgment and authority on the Day of Resurrection, and that there is no refuge from Allah except in Him.
And Allah knows best.