Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. To proceed:
There is no established evidence that a copy of the Gospel revealed by Allah to Jesus, peace be upon him, exists today, whether it is said to have been written in Aramaic or in another language. Nor is there sound evidence identifying the location of an original preserved copy.
Researchers and specialists have differed regarding the specific language spoken by Jesus son of Mary, peace be upon him.
Palestine in his time was a multilingual environment in which Aramaic, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin were used to varying degrees. Therefore, scholars have differed over which language Jesus most commonly spoke.
Some Aramaic expressions are attributed to him in the Gospels that exist today, such as:
“Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?”
And also:
“Talitha, qumi.”
There are also expressions described as Hebrew, and some texts mention that he addressed Greeks.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on them, held that Jesus, peace be upon him, spoke Hebrew, while some researchers have maintained that Aramaic was the predominant language of his speech.
Therefore, it is not correct to state with certainty that the original Gospel was written in Aramaic merely because Aramaic was one of the languages used in that period.
The Gospel that a Muslim is required to believe in is the Gospel that Allah revealed to Jesus, peace be upon him. Allah, Exalted is He, says:
“And We sent, following in their footsteps, Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming the Torah that had come before him. And We gave him the Gospel, in which was guidance and light, and confirming the Torah that came before it, and as guidance and an admonition for the righteous.” [Al-Mā’idah 5:46]
Belief in the Gospel means believing that it was revelation from Allah, which He revealed to His Prophet Jesus, peace be upon him, and believing in the truth that Allah revealed to him.
There is no definitive evidence in Islamic revelation explaining how the Gospel was recorded during the time of Jesus, who wrote it, or how it was preserved and transmitted.
It is possible that what was revealed to Jesus was taught to people orally and then transmitted by the disciples and those who believed in him. It is also possible that some of it was written down. We do not possess decisive evidence that settles these details.
Al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur stated that the Gospel is the name given to the revelation sent down to Jesus, peace be upon him, and that his followers compiled it.
Shaykh Ahmad Deedat, may Allah have mercy on him, also stated that Muslims believe that what Jesus said as revelation from Allah was a message and glad tidings to the Children of Israel, and that it is not established that Jesus himself wrote a book or instructed someone to write one.
There is no evidence establishing that the original copy of the Gospel revealed by Allah to Jesus, peace be upon him, exists today, nor can its location be identified.
Moreover, the Gospels existing today are not identical to the Gospel revealed by Allah to Jesus, peace be upon him.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah stated that the four Gospels possessed by Christians were written after the ascension of Christ, peace be upon him, and that they are not a book dictated or written by Christ during his lifetime.
At the same time, this does not necessarily mean that everything contained in the Gospels today is false. Rather, they may contain some elements of the truth brought by Jesus, peace be upon him, alongside material in which alteration and changes occurred.
Ibn Taymiyyah described the existing Gospels as containing reports of some of Christ’s sayings, actions, and miracles. In this respect, they resemble books of hadith and biography that transmit the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, rather than being the revealed Qur’an itself.
There is no reliable evidence identifying a particular manuscript and declaring that it is the original Gospel revealed by Allah to Jesus, peace be upon him. Nor is it correct to assert that a particular Aramaic manuscript located in a specific place is that Gospel.
Therefore, the correct position is to believe in the Gospel revealed by Allah to Jesus, peace be upon him, without claiming knowledge of a preserved original copy unless evidence establishes such a claim.
The Gospel in which Muslims believe is the revelation that Allah sent down to Jesus, peace be upon him, not merely the Gospels that exist today. There is no established evidence that an original preserved copy of that Gospel exists today, nor can its location be identified, and it cannot be stated with certainty that it was originally written in Aramaic.
As for the Gospels currently in existence, they contain some of the truth brought by Jesus, peace be upon him, but they are not identical to the revealed Gospel that must be regarded as revelation preserved in its exact wording.
And Allah knows best.